Module 5: Functional Nutrition Programmes

1. Question

Low-grade metabolic acidosis can be defined as:

Severe rise in acidity in the tissues and fluids of the body.
Sub-clinical rise in acidity in the blood only.
Sub-clinical rise in acidity in the tissues and fluids of the body.
None of the above.

2. Question

The Alkaline Diet encourages increasing what type of foods:

Vegetables with high alkaline load (negative PRAL scores).
Vegetables with low alkaline load (negative PRAL scores).
Vegetables with high alkaline load (positive PRAL scores).
None of the above.

3. Question

Increasing daily vegetable intake helps to increase levels of:

Pathogenic gut microbiota and associated Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs).
Beneficial gut microbiota and associated Long Chain Fatty Acids (LCFAs).
Beneficial gut microbiota and associated Short Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs).
None of the above.

4. Question

What factor can occur if vegetarian and vegan diets are not carefully balanced?

Nutrient deficiencies such as magnesium.
Nutrient deficiencies such as phosphorus.
Nutrient deficiencies such as carbohydrates.
Nutrient deficiencies such as iron and zinc.

5. Question

What is a key component of the Mediterranean Diet?

Cold pressed, organic extra virgin olive oil rich in antioxidants and saturated fatty acids.
Cold pressed, organic extra virgin olive oil rich in antioxidants and monounsaturated fatty acids.
Cold pressed, organic extra virgin olive oil rich in antioxidants and essential fatty acids.
None of the above.

6. Question

What are the key food groups consumed in the Paleo diet?

Lean meat, fish and seafood, non-starchy vegetables, fruit, seeds, nuts, eggs and plant-based oils.
Lean meat, fish and seafood, starchy vegetables, fruit, seeds, nuts, eggs and plant-based oils.
Lean meat, fish and seafood, non-starchy vegetables, fruit, seeds, nuts, eggs and dairy.
Lean meat, fish and seafood, non-starchy vegetable, grains, seeds, nuts, eggs and plant-based oils.

7. Question

What can be one of the difficulties when following a Paleo diet?

The body is not used to burning fats for energy (ATP) production so can feel tired and low energy as metabolism adjusts.
The body is not used to burning carbohydrates for energy (ATP) production so can feel tired and low energy as metabolism adjusts.
The body is not used to burning proteins for energy (ATP) production so can feel tired and low energy as metabolism adjusts.
Answer (a) and (c).

8. Question

Which diet is the Anti-inflammatory diet similar to:

Alkaline Diet.
Vegetarian Diet.
Mediterranean Diet.
All of the above.

9. Question

The GI diet main focus is on reducing:

Fats
Carbohydrates
Proteins
All of the above

10. Question

Low GI foods score:

90 or more on the GI scale.
56-69 on the GI scale.
Less that 55 on the GI scale.
Less that 35 on the GI scale.

11. Question

Foods with high GI score include:

Grains
White bread
Jacket potato
All of the above

12. Question

Glycaemic Load (GL) includes:

Quantity of carbohydrates.
Quantity and quality (structure) of carbohydrates.
Quality (structure) of carbohydrates.
None of the above.

13. Question

Dietary consumption of artificial sweeteners is not recommended because:

They impact the gut microbiome.
They create imbalances in insulin signalling.
They may contribute to obesity.
All of the above.

14. Question

In the “Fed” state:

Sugar is low in the blood and insulin levels are raised.
Sugar is present in the blood and insulin levels are raised.
Sugar is present in the blood and insulin levels are low.
Fat is present in the blood and insulin levels are raised.

15. Question

In the “Fed” state:

Cells metabolise fat from your last meal rather than from fat stores.
Cells metabolise glucose from your last meal rather than from fat stores.
Cells metabolise glucose from your last meal rather than from glycogen stores.
Cells metabolise glucose from glycogen stores rather than fat stores.

16. Question

In the “Fasted” state:

Cells metabolise glucose from adipose tissue, as insulin levels are low.
Cells metabolise fat from adipose tissue, as insulin levels are high.
Cells metabolise fat from adipose tissue, as insulin levels are low.
Cells metabolise fat from glycogen stores, as insulin levels are low.

17. Question

Insulin resistance is defined as:

A pathological condition in which cells respond to high levels of insulin leading to hyperglycaemia and metabolic related diseases.
A pathological condition in which cells fail to respond to high levels of insulin leading to hypoglycaemia and metabolic related diseases.
A pathological condition in which cells fail to respond to high levels of insulin leading to hyperglycaemia and metabolic related diseases.
None of the above.

18. Question

Certain types of adipose tissue can:

Release anti-inflammatory markers increasing the systemic inflammatory load.
Release anti-inflammatory markers reducing the systemic inflammatory load.
Release pro-inflammatory markers reducing the systemic inflammatory load.
Release pro-inflammatory markers increasing the systemic inflammatory load.

19. Question

Fat adaptation is:

Ability of cells to utilise fat stores as fuel.
Ability of cells to utilise carbohydrate stores as fuel.
Improving insulin sensitivity of cells.
(a) and (c).

20. Question

How can you improve fat adaptation of cells?

Paleo diet and exercise.
Low GI diet and exercise.
Fasting or Time Restricted Feeding (TRF).
All of the above.

21. Question

What is an effective way to fast?

Avoid calorie intake overnight for at least 8 hours.
Avoid calorie intake overnight for at least 16 hours.
Avoid calorie intake during the day for at least 16 hours.
Avoid calorie intake during the day for at least 8 hours.

22. Question

What is one of the positive benefits of caloric reverse taper?

Increase in sympathetic tone of autonomic nervous system in the evening helps resting state for better quality of sleep.
Increase in parasympathetic tone of autonomic nervous system in the evening helps alert state for better quality of sleep.
Increase in parasympathetic tone of autonomic nervous system in the evening helps resting state for better quality of sleep.
Increase in sympathetic tone of autonomic nervous system in the evening helps alert state for better quality of sleep.

23. Question

How long does it typically take to enter fasting state?

8 hours
12 hours
18 hours
20 hours

24. Question

What are some of the contributory factors to developing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

Dysbiosis
Intestinal Permeability
Inflammation
All of the above

25. Question

In what conditions is IBS a risk factor?

Psoriasis
Asthma
Auto-immune conditions such as hypothyroidism and arthritis
All of the above

26. Question

What is the 5R programme based on for managing Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)?

Remove, Repopulate, Replace, Repair, Realign.
Remove, Repopulate, Replace, Repair, Rebalance.
Reduce, Repopulate, Replace, Repair, Rebalance.
Reduce, Repopulate, Replace, Repair, Realign.

27. Question

How can gluten impact digestive health?

Impacts integrity of the GI wall resulting in Intestinal Permeability.
Triggers immediate immune system reactions.
Triggers delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
All of the above.

28. Question

Dietary FODMAPs are:

Family of poorly absorbed short chain fatty acids (also considered a type of fibre), which are highly fermentable in the presence of gut bacteria.
Family of poorly absorbed short chain carbohydrates (also considered a type of fibre), which are detoxified in the presence of gut bacteria.
Family of poorly absorbed short chain carbohydrates (also considered a type of fibre), which are highly fermentable in the presence of gut bacteria.
Family of poorly absorbed short chain carbohydrates (also considered a type of fibre), which are absorbed in the presence of gut bacteria.

29. Question

Generally speaking, how long is it recommended to remove FODMAPs from the diet?

1-2 weeks
6-8 weeks
12-16 weeks
Indefinitely

30. Question

How should FODMAP foods be reintroduced?

All at once.
2 groups at a time.
1 group each day.
1 type of food from 1 group at a time.